Diagnosis of MCSC. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland
NewsThyroid gland (thyroid gland) - this is a very important organ of the human endocrine system. It is characteristic that it accumulates iodine and produces hormones involved in the regulation of metabolism, growth, development and cell division. For its special structure (two lobes connected by an isthmus), it is often compared to a butterfly. Normally, the volume of the thyroid gland is up to 25 ml in men and up to 18 ml in women.
Usually, the thyroid gland on the neck is not noticeable, but in some cases, goiter develops. It can cause significant physical as well as social discomfort. As a rule, goiter is a benign increase in the volume of thyroid tissue with or without nodes. However, historically, in addition to the enlargement of the organ, any nodes in the thyroid are also called goiter. Large studies have shown that most often such nodes are benign. However, according to the results of the survey, up to 5% of them are oncological diseases.
Thyroid cancer in the early stages usually does not cause any symptoms. But as the node grows, such dangerous symptoms can appear:
- discomfort in the neck area;
- changing polygons;
- hoarseness of voice;
- detectable by touch, including painful, nodes in the projection of the thyroid gland or on the side of the neck.
There are several types of thyroid cancer. Most of them, papillary and follicular carcinomas, with timely diagnosis, can be treated without affecting the duration and quality of life of the patient. But anaplastic and medullary carcinomas are characterized by aggressive growth and a high degree of malignancy.
Recently, there has been an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer. To a large extent, this trend is related to the development of diagnostic capacity and the introduction of new standards of medical care. The first and most important stage is to determine the indications for an additional examination at the primary level-the doctor of the polyclinic. Based on the ultrasound examination, the indications for a puncture biopsy of the thyroid gland are determined.
A fine needle aspiration biopsy (TAB) of the thyroid gland under the control of ultrasound is a minimally invasive procedure during which cells are taken through the needle of a conventional syringe. The results of this study allow us to distinguish between benign and malignant changes with high accuracy.
Thyroid cancer does not require special training. After 15 minutes, the patient can return to their usual activity. You do not need to adjust your lifestyle, adhere to a special diet before the procedure. If the patient is constantly taking anticoagulants, discontinuing these drugs in consultation with the attending physician 48-72 hours before the TAB will help reduce the risk of hematoma formation on the neck.
All punctures are performed with the participation of a surgeon, a cytologist and an ultrasound specialist at the Loginov Moscow Medical Research Center. Already on the day of the puncture, specialists determine the groups of patients who will need surgical treatment. This approach allows you to immediately assess the information content of the cytological material (the number of groups of cells in the "glass") for accurate diagnosis. If necessary, in complex diagnostic situations, an immunocytochemical or genetic (BRAF mutation assessment) study can be used.
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