Citizens' rights

The app
to the order of GBUZ MCSC
A.S. Loginov DZM
from 30.07.2026 No. 07-30/1

MEMO
about the rights and obligations of patients, relatives
(or their legal representatives)

This memo has been developed in accordance with the provisions of Federal Law No. 323-FZ of November 21, 2011 "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation". This memo is designed to inform patients about their rights and obligations when seeking medical care, as well as when receiving it.

Citizens' rights in the field of health protection
The right to health protection

Article 18 of Federal Law No. 323-FZ of November 21, 2011 "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Everyone has the right to health protection.

The right to health protection is ensured by environmental protection, the creation of safe working conditions, favorable working conditions, life, recreation, education and provision of citizens, the production and sale of food of appropriate quality, high-quality, safe and affordable medicines, as well as the provision of affordable and high-quality medical care.

The right to medical care

Article 19 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Everyone has the right to medical care.

Everyone has the right to medical care in a guaranteed amount, provided without charge in accordance with the program of state guarantees for the free provision of medical care to citizens, as well as to receive paid medical services and other services, including in accordance with the voluntary medical insurance contract.

The right to medical assistance of foreign citizens residing and staying on the territory of the Russian Federation is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and relevant international treaties of the Russian Federation. Stateless persons permanently residing in the Russian Federation enjoy the right to medical assistance on an equal basis with citizens of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The procedure for providing medical care to foreign citizens is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The patient has the right to:

• Choosing a doctor and choosing a medical organization in accordance with Federal Law No. 323-FZ of November 21, 2011 "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation";
• prevention, diagnosis, treatment, medical rehabilitation in medical organizations in conditions that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements;
• getting advice from specialist doctors;
• relief of pain associated with a disease, condition and/or medical intervention, methods and drugs, including narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs;
• obtaining information about their rights and obligations, their health status, choosing persons to whom information about their health status can be transferred in the interests of the patient, including after their death;
• receiving therapeutic nutrition in the case of a patient being treated in a hospital setting;
• protection of information constituting a medical secret;
• refusal of medical intervention;
• compensation for damage caused to health while providing him with medical care;
• admission of a lawyer or legal representative to him to protect his rights;
• admission to him of clergymen of centralized religious organizations and religious organizations included in their structure, and in the case of a patient being treated in a hospital setting - to provide conditions for the performance of religious rites, which can be performed in a hospital setting, including the provision of a separate room, if this does not violate the internal regulations of the medical organization, with compliance with the general requirements established in accordance with clause 19.2 of Part 2 of Article 14 of Federal Law No. 323-FZ of 11/21/2011.

Informed voluntary consent to medical intervention and refusal of medical intervention

Article 20 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

A necessary precondition for medical intervention is the giving of informed voluntary consent of a citizen or his legal representative for medical intervention on the basis of complete information provided by a medical professional in an accessible form about the goals, methods of providing medical care, the risk associated with them, possible options for medical intervention, its consequences, as well as the expected results of medical care.

In case of refusal of medical intervention to a citizen, or a legal representative of a person, in a form accessible to him, the possible consequences of such refusal should be explained.

If the legal representative of a person recognized as legally incompetent refuses medical intervention necessary to save his life, the medical organization has the right to apply to the court to protect the interests of such person. The legal representative of the person recognized as legally incompetent in the manner prescribed by law shall notify the guardianship and guardianship authority at the place of residence of the ward of the refusal of medical intervention necessary to save the life of the ward, no later than the day following the day of this refusal.

Persons, in order to receive primary health care, when choosing a doctor and a medical organization for the period of their choice, give informed voluntary consent to certain types of medical intervention, which are included in the list established by the authorized federal executive body.

Informed voluntary consent to medical intervention or refusal of medical intervention is contained in the medical documentation of a citizen and is issued in the form of a paper document signed by a citizen or a legal representative, a medical professional, or is formed in the form of an electronic document signed by a citizen, one of the parents or another legal representative using an enhanced qualified electronic signature or a simple electronic signature. signatures through the use of a unified identification and authentication system, as well as by a medical professional using an enhanced qualified electronic signature.

When making informed voluntary consent for medical intervention, a citizen or his legal representative has the right to identify persons to whom information about the patient's health status, including after his death, can be transferred in the interests of the patient.

The procedure for giving informed voluntary consent to medical intervention and refusal of medical intervention, including with respect to certain types of medical intervention, the form of informed voluntary consent to medical intervention and the form of refusal of medical intervention shall be approved by the authorized federal executive body.

Medical intervention without the consent of a citizen, one of the parents or another legal representative is allowed:

• if medical intervention is necessary for emergency indications to eliminate a threat to a person's life and if his condition does not allow him to express his will or there are no legal representatives;
• in the case of emergency medical care outside a medical organization, if medical intervention is necessary to eliminate a threat to human life and there is no refusal of a citizen (his legal representative) from medical intervention expressed before the start of medical care;
• in relation to persons suffering from diseases that pose a danger to others;
• in relation to persons suffering from severe mental disorders;
• in relation to persons who have committed socially dangerous acts (crimes);
• when conducting a forensic medical examination and (or) a forensic psychiatric examination;
• when providing palliative care, if the citizen's condition does not allow him to express his will and there is no legal representative.

Compulsory medical measures may be applied to persons who have committed crimes on the grounds and in accordance with the procedure established by federal law.

Choosing a doctor and medical organization

Article 21 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

When providing medical care to a citizen within the framework of the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens, he has the right to choose a medical organization in accordance with the procedure approved by the authorized federal executive body and to choose a doctor subject to the consent of the doctor.

To receive primary health care, a citizen chooses a medical organization, including according to the territorial-precinct principle, no more than once a year (except in cases of change of residence or place of residence of a citizen). In the chosen medical organization, a citizen chooses a therapist, a district therapist, a pediatrician, a district pediatrician, a general practitioner (family doctor) or a paramedic no more than once a year (except in cases of replacement of a medical organization) by submitting an application in person or through his representative addressed to the head medical organization.

The provision of primary specialized health care is carried out:

• in the direction of a district general practitioner, a district pediatrician, a general practitioner (family doctor), a paramedic, a specialist doctor;
• in the case of an independent citizen's appeal to a medical organization.

To receive specialized medical care in a planned form, the choice of a medical organization is made in the direction of the attending physician. In the event that several medical organizations providing medical care according to the relevant profile take part in the implementation of the territorial program of state guarantees for the free provision of medical care to citizens, the attending physician is obliged to inform the citizen about the possibility of choosing a medical organization, taking into account the fulfillment of the conditions for the provision of medical care established by the territorial program of state guarantees for the free provision of medical care to citizens.

Medical assistance in an emergency or emergency form is provided to citizens taking into account compliance with the established requirements for the timing of its provision.

When choosing a doctor and a medical organization, a citizen has the right to receive information in a form accessible to him, including posted on the Internet information and telecommunications network, about a medical organization, about its medical activities and about doctors, about their level of education and qualifications.

The choice of a doctor and a medical organization by military personnel and persons equated in terms of medical support to military personnel, citizens undergoing alternative civil service, citizens subject to conscription for military service or being sent to alternative civil service, and citizens entering military service under a contract or service equivalent to it, is carried out taking into account the specifics of medical care, established by Federal Law No. 323-FZ of 11/21/2011, as well as taking into account the specifics established by Federal Law No. 53-FZ of March 28, 1998 "On Military Duty and Military Service".

The choice of a doctor and a medical organization by detainees, detainees serving a sentence of restriction of liberty, arrest, imprisonment or administrative arrest is carried out taking into account the specifics of providing medical care established by Article 26 of Federal Law No. 323-FZ of 11/21/2011.

Health information

Article 22 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Everyone has the right to receive, in a form accessible to him, the information available in the medical organization about his health status, including information about the results of a medical examination, the presence of a disease, the established diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, methods of providing medical care, the associated risk, possible types of medical intervention, its consequences and the results of rendering medical care.

Information about the patient's health status is provided to the patient personally by the attending physician or other medical professionals directly involved in the medical examination and treatment. In respect of citizens recognized as legally incompetent in accordance with the procedure established by law, information on the state of health is provided to their legal representatives.

Information about the state of health cannot be provided to the patient against his will. In case of an unfavorable prognosis of the disease, information should be communicated in a delicate form to a citizen or his spouse, one of the close relatives (children, parents, adopted children, adoptive parents, siblings, grandchildren, grandparents, grandmothers), unless the patient has forbidden to inform them about it and (or) has not determined another person to whom such information should be transmitted.

The patient or his legal representative has the right to get acquainted directly with the medical documentation reflecting the state of his health, established by the authorized federal executive authority, and to receive consultations from other specialists on the basis of such documentation.

The patient or his legal representative has the right, on the basis of a written application, to receive medical documents reflecting the patient's state of health (copies thereof) and extracts from them, including in the form of electronic documents. The procedure and deadlines for the provision of medical documents (copies thereof) and extracts from them shall be established by the authorized federal executive body.

Information about factors affecting health

Article 23 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Citizens have the right to receive reliable and timely information on factors contributing to the preservation of health or having a harmful effect on it, including information on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the area of residence, the state of the habitat, rational nutrition standards, the quality and safety of industrial and technical products, food products, goods for personal and household needs, potential hazards to human health of the work performed and the services provided. Such information is provided by state authorities and local self-government bodies in accordance with their powers, as well as by organizations in accordance with the procedure provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The rights of employees engaged in certain types of work to health protection

Article 24 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

In order to protect health and preserve the ability to work, prevent and timely detect occupational diseases, employees engaged in work with harmful and (or) hazardous production factors, as well as in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, employees engaged in certain types of work undergo mandatory medical examinations.

The list of harmful and (or) hazardous production factors and works, during which mandatory preliminary medical examinations are carried out upon admission to work and periodic medical examinations, shall be approved by the authorized federal executive body.

In case of identification during mandatory medical examinations of medical contraindications to the performance of certain types of work, the list of which is established by the authorized federal executive authority, the employee may be recognized by the medical commission of the medical organization on the basis of the results of the examination of professional suitability temporarily or permanently unfit for health reasons to perform certain types of work.

In order to protect health, employers have the right to introduce positions of medical workers into the staff and create units (doctor's office, health center, medical office, medical unit and other units) that provide medical assistance to employees of the organization. The procedure for organizing the activities of such units and medical workers shall be established by the authorized federal executive body.

Employers are obliged to provide conditions for employees to undergo medical examinations and medical examinations, as well as freely release employees for their passage.

The right to protection of information constituting a medical secret

Article 13 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Information about the fact of applying for medical care, the patient's health status and diagnosis, and other information obtained during the patient's medical examination and treatment constitute a medical secret.

It is not allowed to disclose information constituting a medical secret, including after the death of a person, by persons to whom they became known during training, performance of labor, official, official and other duties, except for the cases established by parts 3 and 4 of Article 13 of Federal Law No. 323-FZ of 11/21/2011.

Disclosure of information constituting a medical secret to other citizens, including officials, for the purpose of medical examination and treatment of a patient, conducting scientific research, their publication in scientific publications, use in the educational process and for other purposes is allowed with the written consent of a citizen or his legal representative. Consent to the disclosure of information constituting a medical secret may also be expressed in informed voluntary consent to medical intervention.

After the death of a citizen, it is allowed to disclose information constituting a medical secret to the spouse, close relatives (children, parents, adopted children, adoptive parents, siblings, grandchildren, grandparents, grandmothers) or other persons indicated by the citizen or his legal representative in written consent to the disclosure of information constituting a medical secret, or informed voluntary consent to medical intervention, at their request, if the citizen or his legal representative has not prohibited the disclosure of information constituting a medical secret.

The provision of information constituting a medical secret without the consent of a citizen or his legal representative is allowed in cases provided for by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

The rights of military personnel and persons equated by medical support to military personnel, as well as citizens undergoing alternative civil service, citizens subject to conscription for military service (sent to alternative civil service), and citizens entering military service or equivalent service under a contract, for health protection

Article 25 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Military personnel and persons equated to military personnel in terms of medical support (hereinafter referred to as military personnel and persons equated to them), as well as citizens undergoing alternative civilian service, have the right to undergo a military medical examination to determine fitness for military service or equivalent service and for early discharge from military service or equivalent service on the basis of the conclusion of the military medical commission.

Citizens subject to conscription for military service or sent to alternative civil service, and citizens entering military service or service equivalent to it under a contract, undergo a medical examination in accordance with the procedure provided for in Article 61 of this Federal Law dated November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ "On the basics of Public Health protection in the Russian Federation", and have the right to receive full information on medical contraindications for military service or equivalent service and indications for postponement or exemption from conscription for health reasons.

Military personnel and persons equated to them have the right to receive medical care in departmental medical organizations, and in their absence or in the absence of departments of the relevant profile, specialists or special medical equipment in departmental medical organizations, to receive medical care in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, at the expense of federal budget allocations provided for these objectives of the federal executive authorities and federal state bodies in which military service or equivalent service is provided for by federal law.

The procedure for the organization of medical care to military personnel and persons equated to them shall be established by the Government of the Russian Federation, the specifics of the organization of medical care to military personnel and persons equated to them, including the procedure for their exemption from performing military service duties (official duties) in connection with illness and other reasons, shall be established by federal executive authorities and federal state bodies, in which the federal law provides for military service or equivalent service.

Citizens upon their military registration, conscription or entry into military service under a contract or equivalent service, admission to military professional educational organizations or military educational organizations of higher education, conclusion with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of an agreement on training in a military training center at the federal state educational organization of higher education under the military training program or in a military educational organization of higher education under the program of military training of sergeants, reserve foremen or the program of military training of soldiers, reserve sailors, conscription for military training, as well as citizens sent to alternative civilian service, have the right to receive medical care in medical organizations under the program of state guarantees of free medical care to citizens, except for medical examination in order to determine the suitability for military service or equivalent service.

The specifics of health protection of military personnel and persons equated to them, as well as certain categories of citizens undergoing military service or service equated to it in federal executive bodies and federal state bodies in which federal law provides for military service or service equated to it, are determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of these bodies.

The rights of persons detained, detained, serving sentences in the form of restriction of liberty, arrest, imprisonment or administrative arrest to receive medical care

Article 26 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Persons detained, detained in custody, serving a sentence in the form of restriction of liberty, arrest, imprisonment or administrative arrest, have the right to medical care, including, if necessary, in medical organizations of the state health care system and the municipal health care system, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Pregnant women, women during childbirth and in the postpartum period from among the persons specified in part 1 of Article 26 of Federal Law No. 323-FZ of November 21, 2011, have the right to medical care, including in medical organizations for the protection of motherhood and childhood.

If it is impossible to provide medical care in institutions of the penitentiary system and (or) remand prisons of the federal security Service, persons in custody or serving a custodial sentence have the right to provide medical care in medical organizations of the state health system and the municipal health system, as well as to invite doctors for consultations -specialists of these medical organizations in accordance with the procedure established by the Government of the Russian Federation, at the expense of budgetary allocations of the federal budget provided for these purposes, respectively, to the federal executive body performing law enforcement functions, functions of control and supervision in the field of execution of criminal penalties against convicted persons, and to the federal executive body in the field of security.

When providing medical care in medical organizations of the state health care system and the municipal health care system, employees of the bodies and institutions of the penitentiary system protect the persons specified in part 3 of Article 26, and, if necessary, round-the-clock surveillance in order to ensure the safety of these persons, medical workers, as well as other persons located in medical organizations of the state and municipal in accordance with the procedure established by the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of the execution of criminal penalties, jointly with the authorized federal executive governmental body.

When providing medical care in medical organizations of the state health care system and the municipal health care system, employees of the federal security service bodies protect persons in custody or serving sentences in detention facilities of the Federal security service, and, if necessary, round-the-clock surveillance in order to ensure the safety of these persons, medical workers, as well as other persons in medical organizations of the state and municipal healthcare systems, in accordance with the procedure established by the federal executive authority in the field of security in conjunction with the authorized federal executive authority.

In respect of persons serving sentences in institutions of the penitentiary system and pre-trial detention facilities of the Federal security Service, the contract on voluntary medical insurance is terminated.

The procedure for organizing the provision of medical care, including in medical organizations of the state and municipal healthcare systems, to persons specified in Part 1 of Article 26, is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, including, respectively, regulatory legal acts of the authorized federal executive body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of execution of criminal penalties, the federal executive authority in the field of security in coordination with the authorized federal executive authority.

Receiving paid medical services

Article 84 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, citizens have the right to receive paid medical services provided at their request when providing medical care, and paid non-medical services (household, service, transport and other services) provided additionally when providing medical care.

Paid medical services can be provided in full medical care or at the request of the patient in the form of individual consultations or medical interventions.

The patient's refusal from the paid medical services offered cannot be the reason for a decrease in the types and volume of medical care provided to such a patient without charge under the Program and territorial programs.

Patient responsibilities

Article 27 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011.
No. 323-FZ "On the Basics of Public Health Protection in the Russian Federation"

Citizens are obliged to take care of maintaining their health.

Citizens, in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, are required to undergo medical examinations, and citizens suffering from diseases that pose a danger to others, in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, are required to undergo medical examination and treatment, as well as to prevent these diseases.

Citizens undergoing treatment are obliged to comply with the treatment regimen, including those defined for the period of their temporary disability, and the rules of patient behavior in medical organizations.